Technical Notes Fragmentation in Time-of-Flight Spec- trometry-Based Calculations of Ionic Electrospray Thruster Performance

ck = speed of species k, m∕s f = fraction of solvated ions that fragment I = normalized collected current Ib = total thruster beam current, A Isp = specific impulse, s Kk = kinetic energy of species k, J L = time-of-flight distance _ m = calculated mass flow rate, kg∕s mk = mass of species k, kg q = ion electric charge, C T = calculated thrust, N t = flight time V0 = applied (maximum) potential, V V1 = electric potential at point of breakup, V Z = metric Z corrected for fragmentation αn = current fraction due to ion solvation n Γ = particle emission rate, particles∕s η = propulsive efficiency